CIENCIA POLÍTICA

 Mobilizing National Populism in Latin America Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero According to Menno Vellinga, the Latin American state had one of its most accurate projects for change and diagnoses when the letters of intent and the Washington Consensus established the economic, political, and social measures to carry out modernization and institutionalization processes. However, the technocratic vision was disrupted by a political class that sabotaged the processes of change and decided to regain patrimonialist inertia. Like Guillermo O'Donnell, he pointed out that the best model for Latin America was represented by Technocratic-Military Bureaucracy linked to Delegative Democracies, a weak situation for the consolidation of democracy in Latin America and economic growth; however, it was a starting point of no return for the establishment of a state from a Weberian and Constitutionalist perspective. It is true that this implied open-heart surgery without anesthesia; However, this is...

 Public Education in Mexico: Business, Skills, and Health Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero The actions of the Secretary of Public Education, Mario Delgado, have generated controversy between the conservatives and reformers of the Fourth Transformation. This could be seen as a healthy debate between subordinate groups and the pragmatic alliances of the current government, or as a clear sign of how López Obrador's administration continues to set the pace for Claudia Sheinbaum. Public education in Mexico undoubtedly has an enormous task when it comes to nutrition; however, there are also other discussions that are equally important. The educational reform of the Fourth Transformation has not been implemented or materialized in a minimal way; there are only basic ways to understand what type of education and culture Morena seeks to promote among Mexicans. Although dialogue between the Secretary of Public Education and the business sector can be considered a basic form of negotiation in...

Trump. An weird american, the real Mister Danger Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero In recent days, a serious contradiction has begun to emerge in United States foreign policy regarding economic issues. At times, President Trump seeks to isolate China from all countries and then offers a free trade agreement with the Asian giant. These ambiguities and zigzags put countries like Mexico and Latin America as a whole in a tremendous bind because they fail to understand how Trump intends to resolve the economic crisis in the United States. The situation also demonstrates the terrible vulnerability of Mexico's productive structures and the lack of efficient strategies on the part of the ruling groups in the long run. On the one hand, there isn't even a way to protect the domestic market; on the other hand, there is no will to create a regional economic bloc to jointly resist the crisis in the countries severely affected by Donald Trump's whims. In Mexico, this translates into econo...

Counterculture in Mexican Regional Music Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero The debate surrounding the control of popular music in Mexico sometimes seems to misunderstand the country's situation. The US military intervention is presented right under the eyes of the republic as representing, for them, a narco-society, and on the nationalist side, the proliferation of musical messages is hailed as freedom of expression. The world is upside down. It is strange that government intervention is rejected in areas that are necessary for social well-being. Beyond demanding that President Claudia Sheinbaum respect the symbolic devices of drug trafficking, one might wonder if these cultural controversies would convince Donald Trump to withdraw his battleships, destroyers, and aircraft carriers from the country's maritime borders. If the Radio and Television Law in Mexico were enforced, like the rule of law, for example, the country's configuration would surely be different; However, the...

 Mexico's Need for North America Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero The question regarding the form of US military intervention in Mexico depends only on time; everything seems to indicate that the geopolitical circumstances of the United States and the constant Mexican chaos will turn the Trumpist threat into concrete facts. Mexico's revolutionary nationalism and the second tier of the Fourth Transformation find themselves at a historical moment where the presence of the United States is more than necessary in the face of national vulnerability in the hurricane of changing international relations and the advance of criminality in the country, which constantly surpasses governability in various entities and the capacity for order at different levels of the State. The situation has reached such a point that there is no longer any form of respect or fear for the police or national security forces; governability simply vanishes. A social sentiment has begun to develop regarding the ...

 The Meaning of ​​the State in Mexico Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero David Miller explains that Latin American states have attempted to shape themselves around the demands of North American imperialism, perhaps for this reason there are so many contradictions in the models they have tested. However, as is often the case with other perspectives of imitation, copycats try to be more representative than the original phenomenon; the imitator may end up being better than the original or generating a bizarre reality. This is how the process of neoliberalism has unfolded. Suddenly, among the various Mexican neoliberal analysts, there are enormous gaps between the arguments of those who speak of the need for a strong state to protect the market—internal or external—a state capable of fighting monopolies and crime, collecting taxes, and generating public order; however, others speak of a minimal state that advocates deregulation, decentralization, and allows the mercantile energies of the...

 Sheinbaum and the Mickey Mouse Ears Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero Perhaps it is due to the pressure exerted by the United States, given the risk of an economic crisis of historic proportions due to exclusion from the North American dynamic. However, President Claudia Sheinbaum is beginning to establish a decision-making process that distances herself from her predecessor. It is true that Yankee demands regarding national security may violate the powers that be in Mexico; however, the trade balance weighs more heavily, and above all, interaction with the United States. Therefore, the Mexican government must abide by Donald Trump's dictates. The idea of ​​North America, as Robert Pastor and Alain Rouquie pointed out, is a fatal destiny for Mexico. It is impossible to pursue a radical separation after long decades in which government and society in our country conceded productive structures, markets, and labor. It is complicated to reverse the processes of an integration that, due...