CIENCIA POLÍTICA

Mexican Narco-State Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero Although it has been pointed out that imperialist semiotics establishes inescapable marks on its enemies and spaces of conquest, this argument is inaccurate when it comes to arguments such as those pertaining to the Sinaloa Cartel, which claims to have controlled the Mexican state for at least fifty years. The magnitude of this accusation has not been grasped by the Mexican government or the idea of ​​building justice in our country. Amid the disturbing revelations stemming from drug trafficking captured in the United States about the corruption rooted in the Mexican state, the country faces a crucial moment that demands a firm and coherent response. These statements, which suggest drug trafficking has controlled the power structure for decades, cannot be ignored. However, the solution lies not in foreign intervention, but in strengthening its own institutions and reaffirming national sovereignty. Mexico must take the initiative, dem...

 Venezuela for Ukraine Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero In the current geopolitical realignment, the threads of power seem to weave a new and complex plot. The recent pressure exerted by the White House on Venezuela is not an isolated act, but rather emerges as a strategic lever following the Putin-Trump summit in Alaska. This bold move suggests a resurgence of the Monroe Doctrine, which seeks to reaffirm its traditional influence in Latin America, while, at the same time, Russia focuses its attention on Europe, delimiting its sphere of influence to the confines of the Intermarium. The pulse of history shows us how regional blocs are reconfiguring their alliances, recovering designs prior to the neoliberal era. This dynamic fosters a new form of interventionism, forcing leftist governments and those with progressive sympathies—from Nicaragua and Bolivia to Mexico and Brazil—to reconsider their ties with Russia. In this context, the resurgence of the figure of "Mister Danger" ...

Alaska Puts the Intermarium at Risk Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero The vision of the Intermarium, the age-old idea of a federation of countries between the Baltic, Black, and Adriatic Seas, has been proposed as one of the historic solutions to Eastern Europe's vulnerability; however, this region has historically been the epicenter of conflicts dating back centuries. The fundamental problem with the Intermarium is that it has never achieved true cohesion. Historically, each country in the region has prioritized its own interests in the face of a common threat, be it Russian, Ottoman, or German imperialism. The scars of ethnic, religious, and territorial divisions run deep. Only with the end of the Cold War has Eastern Europe achieved an autonomous and consensual existence in the face of the hegemonies that threaten it. Atlanticism and Zbigniew Brzezinski's model, with its concept of a "lock on the Heartland," became the United States' strategy to contain Russia. ...

 Cadets Always Have a Sad Heart Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero A new logic is taking hold in the complex relationship between Mexico and the United States, one that seems to be confirmed by the handover of drug lords to Washington. Far from being an act of mere cooperation, this dynamic confirms that President Sheinbaum's administration is complying with US demands to avoid a greater threat. Donald Trump, with his rhetoric and actions, not only seeks to solve the immediate problem of drug trafficking, but, in a masterstroke, attempts to dismantle the future scenario that George Friedman proposes for the year 2080, in which the demographic and political power of the Mexican-American community in the United States defeats the US federal government. Emilio Lezama's (El Universal) analysis of Trump's possible military intervention, which focuses on dismantling the drug trafficking structure, is the prelude to Trump's deeper strategy. However, Friedman's vision goes be...

 Donald Trump. TACO with rich pollo or big chicken Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero Now then? Apparently, the impulsive Trump seems determined to invade Mexico to stop not only drug trafficking but also the decline of his electoral standing in the American public opinion. However, his idea has been taken up by the Morena narrative to unite the country and generate the historic anti-Yankee Mexican nationalism. In the dizzying scenario of binational politics, the apparent threat of a military invasion of Mexico, outlined by the impulsive Donald Trump, has taken on a double life. It's complicated for everyone, especially for the societies of both countries; drug use continues to grow indiscriminately in North America at the same time as violence in Mexico. No government seems to take the externalities of the drug phenomenon seriously. The relationship between Mexico and the United States must be reconsidered from the geopolitics of the Brzezinski Model. Of course the United States nee...

 From the Sierra Morena, descending like Fidel Castro and Manuel Fraga Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero The manifest rupture of the dominant coalition in the Fourth Transformation and the departure of López Obradorism to the Old World, particularly Spain, resonates with an echo that is neither of the Revolution, nor of the indigenous peoples, nor of Juárez's liberalism. It is the echo of the "homeland of the Creole," which Severo Martínez captured in ink and which today, with crushing irony, seems to be the true roadmap of the progressive national left. Martínez taught us that the homeland was not forged by the mestizo, nor by the indigenous, but by the Creole minority who, clinging to their Spanish heritage and colonial privileges, built a nation for themselves, on the backs of those below. The relationship between Fidel Castro and Manuel Fraga at the end of the Cold War is a case of "realpolitik" and, at the same time, of the Hispanic Creole connection. Fraga ...

 Does Trump strengthen Sheinbaum within Morena? Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero It doesn't seem that way; on the contrary. Although appearances suggest that President Claudia Sheinbaum has been strengthened by the ninety days of grace granted by Donald Trump, in reality, she faces a significant challenge in her relationship with the governors and internal groups within Morena. Despite her strengthened position, these actors are likely to continue to ignore her due to a pact of impunity and corruption in Mexico, where simulation has become institutionalized. The trans-sexennial influence of López Obrador's administration and the notable absence of Claudia Sheinbaum indicate that power dynamics in Mexico are dominated by the "caciquil federalism" of local and de facto powers (Andrew Paxman). Governors have a considerable degree of autonomy and can resist or pretend to obey the directives of central power. The Morena governors and cliques play a game of "a thousand...