CIENCIA POLÍTICA

 The Mexican Episcopate and its defense of the INE-Habsburg Diego Martin Velazquez Caballero Democracy via competitive elections in Mexico, the long voted transition, died because it did not produce any improvement for the country, specifically of not influencing or certifying the development of the quality of democracy. After 2006, what has become evident is that the electoral arena is part of the bureaucratic patrimonialism that does not want to change and that, in the face of the crisis in the post-covid world, does not understand the need to rebuild the national state. The INE/IFE strengthened discretion, concerted concessions, caciquil feuderalism and corruption. The electoral route was only enough for the delegative democracies that produce so much ungovernability in Latin America, the electoral advisers -especially after Woldenberg- never worried about developing the bases of liberal capitalist democracy in society and, above all, in the rulers. The INE/IFE represents the democr

 Isn't that Claudia? Is it Augustus? Diego Martin Velazquez Caballero Since 1994, the President of the Republic is subject to clear rules on succession within his political institute, that is, the designation of the candidate who intends to extend the domain of a partisan administration; However, one of the most current myths in our country is Tapadism, that is, the idea that the President chooses a successor in the candidate of his organization: the successor, who prepares with great care, and who occupies the thought of the commentators, who describe it in a generic way due to its invisibility. This political game complicates matters and is a sign of what it takes to have a civic political culture. Once the alternation arrived in Mexico, the practice of tapadism has also been a temptation for the PAN and now for Morena. For this party, the hope of imposing the successor, or successor, seems to falter before the wear and tear of the internal struggle, which is beginning to be perc

 Santiago Creel, the anti-militarist aspirant Diego Martin Velazquez Caballero Although it is true that an important tendency of the National Action Party is identified with a foolproof civilism, even this commitment cannot be removed from the historical reality of the country. A few decades ago, when the possibilities of presidential alternation loomed, Carlos Castillo Peraza reflected on a Pact of Oblivion regarding the regime of the Mexican revolution and the importance of modifying the lyrics of the National Anthem to project peace and harmony that distinguishes a democratic context. again regimen. However, although this way of reflecting on the country's political course dispensed with the authoritarianism exercised by the Official Party -especially in its military aspect- it did not detract from the centrality of the armed forces. Symbols are symbols, they signify and resignify, reinterpret and feed the search for meaning. In political culture it is a basic lesson. Santiago C